Transport, mobility

For several years now, border territories have been facing a continued increase in daily migration linked to the opening of the internal market and the practical implementation of the freedom of movement established by the European Treaties.

Different types of cross-border flows can be distinguished. Commuting flows constitute the most important phenomenon. For example, today it is estimated that every day more than 438,000 people cross the border from France to work in a neighbouring country. However, these flows of workers, while significant, coexist with other types of flow: local flows comprising short journeys for various everyday purposes (health, education, leisure and consumption) as well as long-distance transit flows.

This coexistence of local and international transport, using the same infrastructure, particularly roads, has major consequences on safety, leads to increased congestion and pollution, and is thus a major nuisance in certain cross-border conurbations.

More than ever, there is a need for public authorities to deal with this increase in cross-border mobility and focus on developing a transport offer tailored to the needs of border residents and the requirements of sustainable development of the territories concerned. Cross-border urban and interurban transport, by road and rail, is therefore a very important factor in the process of territorial integration in Europe.

During the health crisis, Europe experienced an unprecedented reintroduction of borders, which slowed the development of cross-border transport. The rise of “demobility” practices had a devastating impact on travel, and solo driving increased at the expense of public transport and the environment. However, when the pandemic subsided, the climate crisis and economic tensions reintroduced the need for efficient public transport infrastructure. This involves not only improving existing transport options but also extending them to the most isolated areas and inhabitants.

In this regard, the EU’s cohesion policy provides funds aimed at promoting a “more connected Europe, closer to its citizens by enhancing mobility and supporting the sustainable and integrated development of all types of territories.”